Menopause is when you do not have periods for a year. Prior to that, most women will experience a transition period where they experience irregular periods (perimenopausal), which can last up to a few years.
There are 2 ways to attain menopause – natural (where your ovaries stop producing estrogen and eggs due to age) and surgical (where your ovaries are removed during surgery). Natural menopause typically occurs around the age of 50; if this happens when you are 40 years and below – you may be having premature ovarian insufficiency (POI).
Some women have no symptoms at all. However, it is common to experience one or more of the following (which may last for several years):
As you go into menopause, you will be at an increased risk of osteoporosis, heart disease, urinary incontinence, urinary tract infections and pelvic organ prolapse.
You do not need any tests – your gynaecologist will take a detailed history and perform a physical examination for you. Most of the time, menopause can be diagnosed based on your symptoms and menstrual pattern.
You do need to make sure that your Pap smear/HPV test and mammograms are up to date, and start doing annual checks for your blood pressure, sugar and cholesterol profile.
Menopause is a natural process; not every woman needs treatment. Treatment is usually indicated if your symptoms are affecting your quality of life. Your options include:
Lead a healthy lifestyle with regular exercise and proper diet (including sufficient calcium and vitamin D). Stop smoking, reduce alcohol/caffeine intake. Dress in layers or appropriately to minimise the bother of your hot flushes.
This is most effective in treating the symptoms of menopause, particularly for hot flushes, mood changes, vaginal dryness (atrophy) and urinary issues. The aim is to achieve relief of your symptoms with the lowest dose and shortest duration possible. Read more about HRT for menopause here.
These include phyto-estrogens (e.g. soy), black cohosh, gingko biloba etc. Research showing definite benefit of herbal supplements for menopause is limited and ingredients may vary between products that are sold in the market.
